What is N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)?

N-acetyl cysteine, or NAC for short, is a form of cysteine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis in the body. Increasingly, people are using NAC supplements to support their health and wellness goals.

Benefits of NAC

NAC is associated with a variety of health benefits. Let's explore some of these potential advantages in more detail.

NAC is Important for Making Glutathione, a Mighty Antioxidant

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) enhances the body's levels of glutathione, an essential antioxidant. Here's how it functions:

• NAC as a Precursor: NAC, a modified form of the amino acid L-cysteine, assists in producing glutathione, a potent antioxidant that protects cells from damage. ¹
• Crossing Cell Membranes: Unlike glutathione, NAC can easily cross cell membranes. Inside the cell, NAC is converted into cysteine, which is used to synthesize glutathione. ¹
• Fights Cellular Damage: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, can reduce glutathione levels and cause cellular damage. This damage contributes to aging and various health issues. NAC replenishes glutathione, thereby protecting cells from the detrimental effects of ROS.¹

Low levels of glutathione are linked to a variety of health concerns.²

NAC for Liver Detox: Powerful Antidote

NAC enhances glutathione levels in the liver, aiding in the organ's detoxification processes.

NAC for Lungs: Supports Healthy Breathing

NAC may alleviate common respiratory problems by thinning mucus and increasing glutathione levels. It is also useful for clearing mucus and maintaining healthy airways.

NAC Supports Whole-Body Wellness

NAC may reduce the production of substances in the body associated with cellular changes due to aging.⁴

By enhancing your antioxidant intake, NAC supports sustained strength and wellness.

NAC May Help Protect Brain Cells

Oxidative stress impacts various aspects of brain health.

By reducing oxidative stress, NAC supports healthy cognitive function.⁵

NAC May Strengthen Your Gut

NAC boosts glutathione production, potentially supporting gastrointestinal health. Research indicates that NAC may protect the stomach lining (gastric mucosa), promoting a healthy balance of gut flora.⁴

NAC May Help Support Mental Wellbeing

The benefits of NAC supplements may extend to mental and behavioral health. NAC regulates levels of the brain chemical glutamate, which is known to improve mental well-being.⁴ Research suggests that NAC supports mental and emotional wellness.^4,6

A study indicated that NAC might promote a positive mood.⁷ However, further research is necessary to understand its effects on mental health fully.

NAC May Support Immune Health

NAC may bolster the body's natural immune defenses by increasing glutathione levels in cells that protect against invaders.⁸ NAC also aids in maintaining healthy respiratory functions.

A clinical study suggests that NAC promotes seasonal wellness, offering an additional boost when most needed.⁸

NAC May Help Protect Nerve Health

NAC protects against oxidative stress. Clinical studies indicate that NAC may support nerve health in some individuals.⁹

Supplementing with NAC supports healthy nerve function, keeping your hands active and your feet moving rhythmically.

Types of NAC

NAC is available as a dietary supplement under several names—NAC, N-acetyl cysteine, or N-acetyl L-cysteine. The following NAC supplements are accessible over the counter:

• NAC Capsules, such as BubbForest NAC: Oral capsules are popular forms of NAC supplements. Each capsule contains 500 milligrams (mg) to 1,000 mg of NAC, depending on the brand. The typical dosage ranges from one to three capsules per day.
• NAC Tablets: Oral NAC tablets are also available, some with a special coating to facilitate easier swallowing. The dosage for NAC tablets is similar to that of capsules.
• NAC Powders: NAC powders dissolve in water and may be the best option for individuals who have difficulty swallowing pills.

NAC supplements are generally well-tolerated. While not exhaustive, the following side effects are possible:³

Potential Side Effects of NAC

Stomach Upset

NAC supplements may cause stomach upset, including nausea, vomiting, indigestion, or diarrhea. NAC may also have an unpleasant odor and taste, contributing to nausea and vomiting.

Dry Mouth

NAC may lead to dry mouth. Drinking ample water can help alleviate this effect.

Bleeding

NAC may increase the risk of bruising or bleeding, especially if taken with blood-thinning medications. It is not recommended for individuals with bleeding disorders or those anticipating surgery.

*Consult your healthcare professional for advice if you are taking other medications.

Bottom Line

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) enhances the antioxidant glutathione in your cells. Low glutathione levels are associated with various health issues. Boosting glutathione with NAC supplements can help maintain wellness and vitality.

Stay well.

BubbForest

This article has been medically reviewed and accepted.

About Patricia Weiser, PharmD

Patricia Weiser, PharmD, is a Pennsylvania-licensed pharmacist and independent medical writer with over 14 years of experience in community and hospital pharmacy. She is committed to creating evidence-based health content that empowers individuals to actively manage their healthcare. Her areas of expertise include dietary supplements, over-the-counter medications, prescription drugs, vaccines, weight loss, cancer, eye care, and more. She earned her Doctor of Pharmacy degree from the University of Pittsburgh.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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7. N-acetyl cysteine for depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder--a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Biological psychiatry.Read source
8. N-acetylcysteine: A review of clinical usefulness (an old drug with new tricks). Journal of nutrition and metabolism.Read source
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